Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Bookmark With Cat Pictures

To view all images on this bookmark in its original size, 
or send them to a friend go online to: pixdaus.com the
URL for each photo is listed below.
                                                            
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Lord, Teach Us How To Pray!

P


Prayer is the soul's sincere desire,
Unuttered or expressed;
The motion of a hidden fire
That trembles in the breast. 

Prayer is the burden of a sigh,
The falling of a tear
The upward glancing of an eye,
When none but God is near. 

Prayer is the simplest form of speech
That infant lips can try;
Prayer the sublimest strains that reach
The Majesty on high. 

Prayer is the contrite sinner's voice,
Returning from his ways,
While angels in their songs rejoice
And cry, "Behold, he prays!" 

Prayer is the Christian's vital breath,
The Christian's native air,
Our watchword at the gates of death;
We enter heaven with prayer. 

The saints in prayer appear as one 
In word and deed and mind,
While with the Father and the Son
Sweet fellowship they find. 

Nor prayer is made by man alone,
The Holy Spirit pleads,
And Jesus on the eternal throne
For sinners intercedes. 

O Thou, by Whom we come to God,
The Life, the Truth, the Way;
The path of prayer Thyself hast trod:
Lord, teach us how to pray! 

James Montgomery, 1818

Friday, November 15, 2013

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Tuesday, November 12, 2013

Whistleblower Reveals 7 Deadly Drugs


Whistleblower Reveals 7 Deadly Drugs
The Government Wants You to Swallow


If you're over 55, chances are good one of these possible
killers is in your medicine cabinet right now... 
put there by the very authorities paid to protect you.


Jenny Thompson
Director, Health Sciences Institute

Bookmark With Cat & Dog Pictures

To view all images on this bookmark in its original size, 
or send them to a friend go online to: pixdaus.com the
URL for each photo is listed below.



U.S. Pastor Moved to More Dangerous Jail in Iran

U.S. Pastor Moved to More Dangerous Jail in Iran
American pastor Saeed Abedini has been transferred from a prison in Tehran to another prison known for housing violent criminals — and his supporters fear for his life.
Abedini is serving an eight-year sentence on charges of endangering national security. But supporters say he was in Iran working to build an orphanage with permission from the Iranian government, and his wife maintains he is being punished for converting from Islam to Christianity.
After spending more than a year in Tehran's Evin Prison, where he was surrounded by political prisoners, he has been unexpectedly moved to the Rajai Shahr Prison in Karaj. Now he is reportedly penned in a 10-by-10-foot cell with five inmates who were likely imprisoned for murder or rape.
Rajai Shahr is considered to be one of Iran's most brutal prisons because of reports of torture, rape, and murder, according to British Newspaper The Guardian.
Jordan Sekulow, executive director of the American Center for Law and Justice, which is representing Abedini, told the New York Daily News: "He could easily be killed not by formal execution but by a fellow inmate. That's why we are so concerned right now about his safety and survival."
Abedini's family in Iran arrived at Evin Prison on Nov. 4 for their weekly visit, only to be told that Saeed had been moved. They spent 90 minutes driving to Karaj but were informed that he was not permitted to have visitors.
His wife Naghmeh, who lives in Boise, Idaho, with the couple's two children, said in a statement: "I am devastated and I do not know what to tell my children. I am more concerned now about his safety than at any other time during his imprisonment. I can only imagine the torment and anguish he is experiencing."
As Newsmax reported in September, Naghmeh Abedini approached Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in a hotel lobby in New York, where Rouhani was attending a United Nations meeting, and handed an aide a letter Abedini had written to the president pleading for his release.
Also in September, President Obama questioned Rouhani about Abedini's imprisonment during a phone call.

"Iran must release Pastor Saeed Abedini, a U.S. citizen wrongly imprisoned for his faith," said Sekulow, whose organization is now calling for Obama to speak out "directly and forcefully" to save Abedini's life.

Insider Report from Newsmax.com

Agency Sets All-Time Record for Annual Spending

Agency Sets All-Time Record for Annual Spending
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) spent over $1.113 trillion in fiscal year 2013 — setting a record for the most money spent by a federal agency or department in a single year.
CMS runs the federal government's major healthcare programs as well as the Obamacare insurance exchange.
CMS became the first federal agency to spend more than $1 trillion in 2010, with $1.035 trillion in outlays. Spending totaled $1.052 trillion last year and topped that figure in fiscal 2013, according to the Monthly Treasury Statement for September released in late October.
CMS' major outlays went for Grants to States for Medicaid ($265.3 billion), Federal Hospital Insurance Fund ($269 billion), Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund ($245.7 billion), Healthcare Trust Funds ($242.4 billion), and the Medicare Prescription Drug program ($61.6 billion).
CMS spending for fiscal 2013 was more in inflation-adjusted dollars than the entire federal budget in 1965, when President Lyndon Johnson signed legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid.
The federal budget was $118.2 trillion in 1965 dollars. That converts to $878.8 billion in 2013 dollars, according to calculations reported by CNS News.
"CMS remains the largest purchaser of healthcare in the United States," the Treasury report states. "With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act provisions, CMS has the opportunity to provide affordable healthcare to millions of additional Americans."
CMS spending was offset by $227 billion in incoming payments to the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, but its umbrella agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, still spent $886.2 billion in fiscal 2013, the most of any federal department.
The Department of Defense spent $607.8 billion and the Social Security Administration had outlays of $867.3 billion.
Interest on Treasury Debt Securities cost taxpayers $415 billion.

For the year, the federal government had outlays of $3.45 trillion and a deficit of $680 billion.

Insider Report from Newsmax.com

Wind Power's Stunning Link to Toxic Waste

Wind Power's Stunning Link to Toxic Waste
Proponents of wind turbine energy tout its environmental advantages over fossil fuel energy sources that produce carbon dioxide emissions.
But what they don't talk about is the vast amount of radioactive waste and other toxic substances resulting from the mining of the rare earth minerals needed by wind turbines, according to a disturbing report from two energy experts.
Wind turbines use magnets made with neodymium and dysprosium, rare earth minerals mined almost exclusively in China, reported Travis Fisher and Alex Fitzsimmons, policy associates with the Institute for Energy Research.
An MIT study estimated that a 2-megawatt wind turbine contains about 752 pounds of rare earth minerals.
Simon Parry of Britain's Daily Mail traveled to Baotou in northern China to view the mines, factories, and dumping grounds associated with China's rare earth industry, including a 5-mile-wide lake of industrial waste.
"This vast, hissing cauldron of chemicals is the dumping ground for 7 million tons a year of mined rare earth after it has been doused in acid and chemicals and processed through red-hot furnaces to extract its components," Parry wrote.
"Rusting pipelines meander for miles from factories processing rare earths in Baotou out to the man-made lake where, mixed with water, the foul-smelling radioactive waste from this industrial process is pumped day after day."
As the lake of waste grew larger, local farmers told Parry, "anything we planted just withered, then our animals started to sicken and die."
Residents of a nearby village said their teeth began to fall out, their hair turned white at young ages, and they suffered from severe skin and respiratory diseases. Children were born with soft bones and the incidence of cancer and osteoporosis soared, the Mail reported.
The lake's radiation levels are 10 times higher than in the surrounding countryside, official studies found.
In Baotou, most people wear face masks wherever they go, Parry noted.
The report from Fisher and Fitzsimmons, published by Rightside News, disclosed that mining one ton of rare earth minerals produces about one ton of radioactive waste.
Last year the United States added 13,131 megawatts of wind-generating capacity, and at least 4.9 million pounds of rare earths were used in the turbines installed in 2012. That means at least 4.9 million pounds of radioactive waste were created to make those turbines.
In comparison, the U.S. nuclear industry produces between 4.4 and 5 million pounds of spent nuclear fuel each year. So the U.S. wind industry most likely created more radioactive waste last year than America's entire nuclear industry — while accounting for just 3.5 percent of all electricity generated in the country.
And the MIT study revealed that the demand for dysprosium could rise by 2,600 percent in the next 25 years as the wind industry grows, the Rightside News authors warn.
They conclude: "All forms of energy production have some environmental impact. However, it is disingenuous for wind lobbyists to hide the impacts of their industry while highlighting the impacts of others.
"From illegal bird kills to radioactive waste, wind energy poses serious environmental risks that the wind lobby would prefer you never know about."

From Insider Report... Newsmax.com

Saturday, November 9, 2013

Bookmark With Cat Pictures From... www.Pixdaus.com

To view all images on this bookmark in its original size, 
or send them to a friend go online to: 

HOPE FOR DIABETICS

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Monday, November 4, 2013

Saturday, November 2, 2013

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Thursday, October 31, 2013

VILLA ON THE HUDSON NEAR WEEHAWKEN

VILLA ON THE HUDSON, Near Weehawken
Reproduced from a 7¼"x 4¾" Steel Engraving from a Drawing by W.H. Bartlett

Villa On the Hudson, Near Weehawken is Print # 59 of 66 on page 94 from Volume I
"AMERICAN SCENERY" or LAND, LAKE, AND RIVER Published in 1839 by
George Virtue, 26 Ivy Lane, London


    This is an exact copy of the original 1839 text describing the above Print,
from "AMERICAN SCENERY Vol I

    FROM this admirably chosen spot, the Bay of New York appears with every accessory of beauty. The city itself comes into the left of the picture to an advantage seen from no other point of view, the flocks of river-craft scud past in all directions, men-of-war, merchantmen, steamers, and ferry-boats, fill up the moving elements of the panorama; and far away beyond stretches the broad har­bour, with its glassy or disturbed waters, in all the varieties of ever-changing sea-view. It was on this side that Hudson, who had felt the hostility of the Manhattan Indians, found a friendlier tribe, and made his first amicable visit on shore. The Indian tradition, springing from that visit,* and describing the first intoxication they had ever experienced, is extremely amusing.

* It is disputed whether this scene of intoxication took place on the present site of New York, on the Jersey side, or at Albany.

" A long time ago, before men with a white skin had ever been seen, some Indians, fishing at a place where the sea widens, espied something at a distance moving upon the water. They hurried ashore, collected their neighbours, who together returned and viewed intensely this astonishing phenomenon. What it could be, baffled all conjecture. Some supposed it to be a large fish or animal, others that it \vas a very big house, floating on the sea. Perceiving it moving towards land, the spectators concluded that it would be proper to send runners in different directions to carry the news to their scattered chiefs, that they might send off for the immediate attendance of their warriors. These arriving in numbers to behold the sight, and perceiving that it was actually moving towards them (i. e. coming into the river or bay), they conjectured that it must be a remarkably large house, in which the Manitto (or Great Spirit), was coming to visit them. They were much afraid, and yet under no apprehension that the Great Spirit would injure them. They worshipped him. The chiefs now assembled at York Island, and consulted in what manner they should receive their Manitto : meat was prepared for a sacrifice ; the women were directed to prepare the best of victuals ; idols or images were examined and put in order; a grand dance they thought would be pleasing, and, in addition to the sacrifice, might appease him, if angry. The conjurers were also set to work, to determine what this phenome­non portended, and what the result would be. To these, men, women, and children, looked up for advice and protection. Utterly at a loss what to do, and distracted alternately by hope and fear, in this confusion a grand dance com­menced. Meantime fresh runners arrived, declaring it to be a great house, of various colours, and full of living creatures. It now appeared certain that it was their Manitto, probably bringing some new kind of game. Others arriving, declared it positively to be full of people, of different colour and dress from theirs, and that one, in particular, appeared altogether red. This then must be the Manitto. They were lost in admiration ; could not imagine what the vessel was, whence it came, or what all this portended. They are now hailed from the vessel in a language they could not understand; they answer by a shout or yell in their way. The house (or large canoe, as some render it) stops. A smaller canoe comes on shore, with the red man in it; some stay by his canoe, to guard it. The chiefs and wise men form a circle, into which the red man and two attendants approach. He salutes them with friendly countenance, and they return the salute after their manner. They are amazed at their colour and dress, particularly with him who, glittering in red, wore something (perhaps lace, or buttons) they could not comprehend. He must be the great Manitto, they thought; but why should he have a white skin ? A large elegant hockhack (gourd, i. e. bottle, decanter, &c.) is brought by one of the supposed Manitto's servants, from which a substance is poured into a small cup or glass, and handed to the Manitto. He drinks, has the glass refilled, and handed to the chief near him; he takes it, smells it, and passes it to the next, who does the same. The glass in this manner is passed round the circle, and is about to be returned to the red-clothed man, when one of them, a great warrior, harangues them on the impropriety of returning the cup unemptied. It was handed to them, he said, by the Manitto, to drink out of as he had; to follow his example would please him—to reject it might provoke his wrath; and if no one else would, he would drink it himself, let what would follow; for it was better for one even to die, than a whole nation to be destroyed. He then took the glass, smelled at it, again addressed them, bidding adieu, and drank the contents. All eyes were now fixed (on the first Indian in New York who had tasted the poison which has since affected so signal a revolution in the condition of the native Americans). He soon began to stagger; the women cried, supposing him in fits; he rolled on the ground; they bemoan his fate; they thought him dying. He fell asleep. They at first thought he had expired, but soon perceived he still breathed. He awoke, jumped up, and declared he never felt more happy ; he asked for more; and the whole assembly imitating him, became intoxicated."

In descending the river, after he had penetrated to Albany, Hudson ran his little craft ashore at Weehawken ; but the ground was a soft ooze, and she was got off without damage, and proceeded to sea.

BROCK'S MONUMENT

BROCK'S MONUMENT
From The American Side
Brock'S Monument Page 75,  Print 39 of 53 Vol II Reproduced from a 7¼"x 4¾" 
Steel Engraving from a Drawing by W.H. Bartlett BROCK"S MONUMENT is Print
 # 39 of 53 on page 84 from Volume II "AMERICAN SCENERY" or LAND, LAKE, 
AND RIVER Published in 1839 by George Virtue, 26 Ivy Lane, London

This is an exact copy of the original 1839 text describing the above Print, from "AMERICAN SCENERY"

LEVISTON is seldom seen to advantage by the traveller, who, in his eagerness to reach Niagara, if going thither, or in the fulness of his recollections, if returning, pays it very little attention. The village itself is as dull and indifferent-looking a place as one would chance to see; but it stands at the outlet of Niagara river into Lake Ontario, and its neighbourhood on all sides is picturesque and beautiful.

Across the river, on the heights of Oueenstown, stands the Monument of General Brock, who died fighting very gallantly on this spot. A slight resumer of the hard-fought battle of Queenstown, which was creditable to the courage and spirit of both countries, will be in place accompanying this view.

The American forces on the Niagara river consisted of about five thousand eight hundred men, under the command of Colonel Van iieusellaer. Eighteen hundred of these were at Black Rock, twenty-eight miles distant, and the remainder at Fort Niagara, under the General's personal command. Several skirmishes on the St. Lawrence had resulted in favour of the Americans, and the forces at Lewiston were very anxious to have an opportunity for action.

Directly opposite to the camp, on the other side of the river, lay Queenstown, strongly fortified, and garrisoned by a large force, waiting the orders of General Brock, then in Michigan. It was supposed that preparations were making for a general attack on the frontier. The possession of this place was considered very important to the Americans, as it was the port for all the merchandise of the country above, and a depot of public stores for the line of English posts on Niagara and Detroit rivers. It has besides, an excellent harbour, and good anchorage An attack on Gueenstown was projected for the night of the llth of October.

It failed, however, in consequence of a tremendous storm, and of the loss of a boat containing all the oars for the ferriage. Better arrangements were completed by the night of the 12th, and on the morning of the 13th, three hundred regular troops, and three hundred militia, were ready at dawn of day to cross to the attack. 

The river here is one sheet of violent eddies, and the boating very difficult and laborious. A battery, mounting two eighteen-pounders and two sixes, protected the embarkation, and the boats put off*. The enemy had been apprised of these preparations, and a brisk fire of musquetry immediately opened along the shore, on the Canada side, which, from the slow progress of the boats, did great execution. One of the boats was hit by a grape shot, which threw the pilot and oarsmen into such confusion, that they were carried down by the stream and obliged to return, and two others dropped below the landing, and fell into the hands of the enemy. Colonel Van Reusellaer, however, succeeded in landing with about a hundred men, under a tremendous fire, and immediately ascended the precipitous bank of the river. Before reaching the summit, he received four balls, and two of his officers were killed, and three wounded. Retiring under the shelter of the bank, Colonel Van Reusellaer had still sufficient strength to give the order for storming the fort; and about sixty men, commanded by Captain Ogilvie, seconded by Captain Wool, who was previously wounded, mounted the rocks on the right of the. fort, gave three cheers, and with three desperate charges obtained entire possession; they then carried the heights, and spiked the cannon.

Reinforcements had by this time crossed the river, and the Americans formed on the heights, under the command of Colonel Christie. General Brock, who was on his way to Queenstown, having been met by an express, arrived with a reinforce­ment of regulars from Fort George, and immediately led his men into the rear of the captured battery. Captain Wool detached one hundred and sixty men to meet him, but the detachment was driven back. It was reinforced once more, and driven again to the brow of the precipice overhanging the river. An American officer at this time, 4espairing of the attempt, was about raising a white handkerchief on a bayonet, when Captain Wool tore it off, and ordered the men once more to charge. At this moment, Colonel Christie came up with a reinforcement, and repeating Captain Wool's orders, the American force, amounting then to about three hundred, pushed forward and entirely routed the British 49th, who were aided by the 41st, and who had hitherto been called the Egyptian Invincibles. General Brock was attempting to rally these two regiments, when he received three balls, and died almost immediately.

The British formed again in an hour or two, and were reinforced by several hundred Indians from Chippeway, and other regiments of their own from other posts. Attempting to re-embark and retreat before a force so much superior, the boats them how ready they were to live in amity and friendship with them, that in the morning they should see the carpenter hanging upon a certain tree in their view.

" In the night they carried the poor old weaver and hanged him in the room of the carpenter, which gave full satisfaction to the Indians, and they were again good friends."


View Of Meredith New Hampshire

 
View Of Meredith New Hampshire
Page  125 Print 60 of 66 Vol I
 Reproduced from a 7" x 4¾" Steel Engraving
from a Drawing by W.H. Bartlett

 View Of  Meredith, New Hampshire is Print # 60 of 66 from Volume I "AMERICAN SCENERY" or LAND,LAKE, AND RIVER Published in 1839 by George Virtue, 26 Ivy LaneLondon


NOTE:This is a exact copy of the original 1839 text describing the above Print, from
"AMERICAN SCENERY" Volume I  

 THIS beautiful town stands between the two lakes Winipiseogee and Sullivan and is deeply surrounded on every side with the most luxuriant rural beauty. The neighbourhood of these exquisite lakes, studded throughout with small green islands, burdened with foliage,—the lofty mountains, near and distant,—the fertility of the soil, and the healthiness of the spot, form a nucleus of attraction which gives Meredith great preference over other towns in New Hampshire. The Winipiseogee communicates, by the river of the same name, with the Merrimack River, and is near five hundred feet above the level of the sea.

This is the only part of New England, as far as we are aware, in which Indians were regularly hunted by parties who went out for the purpose, and received a bounty for their scalps. We have alluded elsewhere to Captain Lovewell, who surprised and killed a large party of sleeping Indians, and was killed himself after­wards, in the famous " Lovewell fight." The following tragedy, which took place on the Merrimack, in what was, in those days, the neighbourhood of Meredith, shows the provocation to this apparent inhumanity.

In the year 1697, a party of Indians, arrayed in their war dresses, approached the house of Mr. Dustan. This man was abroad at his usual labour. Upon the first alarm, he flew to the house, with a hope of hurrying to a place of safety his family, consisting of his wife, who had been confined a week only in child-bed; her nurse, a Mrs. Mary Jeff, a widow from the neighbourhood; and eight children. Seven of his children he ordered to flee, with the utmost expedition, in the course opposite to that in which the danger was approaching; and went himself to assist his wife. Before she could leave her bed, the savages were upon them. Her hus­band, despairing of rendering her any service, flew to the door, mounted his horse, and determined to snatch up the child with which he was unable to part, when he should overtake the little flock. When he came up to them, about two hundred yards from his house, he was unable to make a choice, or to leave any one of the number. He therefore determined to take his lot with them, and to defend them from their murderers, or die by their side. A body of the Indians pursued, and came up with him; and from near distances fired at him and his little company. He returned the fire, and retreated, alternately. For more than a mile he kept so resolute a face to his enemy, retiring in the rear of his charge, returned the fire of the savages so often, and with so good success, and sheltered so effectually his terrified companions, that he finally lodged them all safe from the pursuing butchers, in a distant house. When it is remembered how numerous his assail­ants were, how bold when an overmatch for their enemies, how active, and what excellent marksmen, a devout mind will consider the hand of Providence as unusually visible in the preservation of this family. Another party of the Indians entered the house, immediately after Mr. Dustan had quitted it, and found Mrs. Dustan, and her nurse, who was attempting to fly with the infant in her arms. Mrs. Dustan they ordered to rise instantly ; and before she could completely dress herself, obliged her and her companion to quit the house, after they had plun­dered it and set it on fire. In company with several other captives, they began their march into the wilderness; she feeble, sick, terrified beyond measure, partially clad, one of her feet bare, and the season utterly unfit for comfortable tra­velling. The air was chilly and keen, and the earth covered, alternately, with snow and deep mud. Her conductors were unfeeling, insolent, and revengeful: murder was their glory, and torture their sport. Her infant was in her nurse's arms; and infants were the customary victims of savage barbarity. The company had proceeded but a short distance, when an Indian, thinking it an incumbrance, took the child out of the nurse's arms, and dashed its head against a tree. Such of the other captives as began to be weary, and lag, the Indians tomahawked. The slaughter was not an act of revenge or of cruelty; it was a mere convenience ; an effort so familiar as not even to excite an emotion. Feeble as Mrs. Dustan was, both she and her nurse sustained, without yielding, the fatigue of the journey. Their intense distress for the death of the child, and of their companions, anxiety for those whom they had left behind, and unceasing terror for themselves, raised these unhappy women to such a degree of vigour, that notwithstanding their fatigue, their exposure to cold, their sufferance from hunger, and their sleeping on damp ground, under an inclement sky, they finished an expedition of about one hundred and fifty miles, without losing their spirits, or injuring their health. The weekwarm to which they were conducted, and which belonged to the savage who had claimed them as his property, was inhabited by twelve persons. In the month of April this family set out, with their captives, for an Indian settlement still more remote; and informed them, that when they arrived at the settlement, they must be stripped, scourged, and run the gauntlet, naked, between two files of Indians, containing the whole number found in the settlement; for such, they declared, was the standing custom of their nation. This information made a deep im­pression on the minds of the captive women, and led them irresistibly to devise all the possible means of escape. On the 31st of the same month, very early in the morning, Mrs. Dustan, while the Indians were asleep, having awaked her nurse, and a fellow-prisoner (a youth taken some time before, from Worcester), despatched, with the assistance of her companions, ten of the twelve Indians; the other two escaped. With the scalps of these savages, they returned through the wilderness; and, having arrived safely at Haverhill, and afterwards at Boston, received a handsome reward for their intrepid conduct, from the legislature."




LOCKPORT ERIE CANAL

Lockport Erie Canal 
Reproduced from a 7" x 4¾" Steel Engraving
from a Drawing by W.H. Bartlett

 Lockport Erie Canal is Print # 53 of 66 from Volume I
"AMERICAN SCENERY" or LAND,LAKE, AND RIVER
Published in 1839 by George Virtue, 26 Ivy LaneLondon

NOTE:  This is a exact copy of the original 1839 text describing the above Print, from "AMERICAN SCENERY" Volume I "AMERICAN SCENERY"
  
THIS town, so suddenly sprung into existence, is about thirty miles from Lake Erie, and exhibits one of those wonders of enterprise which astonish calculation. The waters of Lake Erie, which have come thus far without much descent, are here let down sixty feet by five double locks, and thence pursue a perfectly level course, sixty-five miles, to Rochester. The remarkable thing at Lockport, how­ever, is a deep cut from here to the Torenanta Creek, seven miles in length, and partly through solid rock, at an average depth of twenty feet. The canal boat glides through this flinty bed, with jagged precipices on each side; and the whole route has very much the effect of passing through an immense cavern.

This tract of country is very interesting to the antiquarian, from the remains of fortifications, and other probable traces of a race who existed, and whose arts perished before the occupation of the country by the tribes who lately possessed it. On Seneca river, on the south side of Lake Erie, in many different parts of the State of New York, and in a long chain extending west through the vallev of the Ohio, down that of the Mississippi, and so westward thr' /^h Mexico, are traces of a people who were settled in towns defended by forts, and altogether far more advanced in civilization than the Iroquois found here by Europeans. The region in the neighbourhood of Lockport and Torenanta was visited with reference to these remains by the Rev. Mr. Kirkland, missionary to the Iroquois confederacy, in 1778. His account is very curious. At a deserted Indian village, near the old Indian town of Kanawageas, he discovered an ancient fort. IP enclosed about six acres, and had six gates. The ditch appeared to be eight feet wide, and in some places six feet deep, and drawn in a circular form on three sides. The fourth side was defended by nature with a high bank, at the foot of which is a fine stream of water. The bank had probably been secured by a stockade, as there appeared to have been a deep covered way in the middle of it down to the water. Some of the trees on the bank and in the ditch appeared to Mr. Kirkland to have been at the age of two hundred years. About half a mile south of this, and upon a greater eminence, he traced the ruins of another old fortified town, of less dimensions than the other, but with a deeper ditch, and in a situation more lofty and defensible. Having examined these fortifications, Mr. Kirkland returned to Kanawageas, and thence renewed his tour westward, until he encamped for the night at a place called Jodika, (i.e. Racoon,) on the river Tanawande, about twenty-six miles from Kanawangeas. Six miles from this place of encampment, he rode to the open fields, and arrived at a place called by the Senecas Tegatameaaghgwe, which imports a double-fortified town, or a town with a fort at each end. Here he walked about half a mile with one of the Seneca chiefs, to view one of the vestiges of this double-fortified town: they were the remains of two forts. The first which he visited, as above, contained about four acres of ground: the other to which he proceeded, distant from this about two miles, and situated at the other extremity of the ancient town, enclosed twice that quantity of ground. The ditch around the former, which he particularly examined, was about five or six feet deep. A small stream of water and a high bank circum­scribed nearly one-third of the enclosed ground. There were the traces of six gates, or avenues, round the ditch; and near the centre a way was dug to the water. The ground on the opposite side of the water was in some places nearly as high as that on which the fort was built, which might render this covered way to the water necessary. A considerable number of large thrifty oaks had grown up within the enclosed ground, both in and upon the ditch; some of them appeared to be at least two hundred years old, or more. The ground is of a hard gravelly kind, intermixed with loam, and more plentifully at the brow of the hill. In some places, at the bottom of the ditch, Mr. Kirkland ran his cane a foot or more into the ground, from which circumstance he concluded that the ditch was much deeper in its original state than it then appeared to him. Near the northern fortification, which was situated on high ground, he found the remains of a funeral pile, where the slain were buried, in a great battle, which will be spoken of hereafter. The earth was raised about six feet above the common surface, and betwixt twenty and thirty feet diameter. The bones appeared on the whole surface of the raised earth, and struck out in many places on the sides. Pursuing his course towards Buffalo Creek, (his ultimate destination,) Mr. Kirkland discovered the vestiges of another ancient fortified town. He does not in his manuscript delineate them, but, from the course he described, they might be easily ascertained. " Upon these heights, near the ancient fortified town, the roads part; we left the path leading to Niagara on our right, and went a course nearly south-west for Buffalo Creek. After leaving these heights, which afforded an extensive prospect, we travelled over a fine tract of land for about six or seven miles; then came to a barren white oak-shrub plain, and one very remarkable spot of near two hundred acres, and passed a stgep hill on our right, in some places near fifty feet perpen­dicular, at the bottom of which is a small lake, affording another instance of pagan superstition. The old Indians affirm that, formerly, a demon, in the form of a dragon, resided in this lake, and had frequently been seen to disgorge balls of liquid fire; and that, to appease his wrath, many a sacrifice of tobacco had been made at that lake by the fathers. The barren spot above mentioned is covered with small white stone, that appears like lime and clay ; in some spots, for a con­siderable distance, there is no appearance of earth. Notwithstanding its extreme poverty, there are many trees of moderate size. At the extremity of this barren plain, we came again to the Tanawande river, and forded it about two miles above the Indian town called by that name. This village contains fourteen houses, or huts; their chief is called Gashagaale, nicknamed the black chief. On the south side of the Tanawande Creek, at a small distance, are to be seen the vestiges of another ancient fortified town." Mr. Kirkland further remarks, that there are vestiges of ancient fortified towns in various parts throughout the extensive territory of the Six Nations, and, by Indian report, in various other parts; particularly one on a branch of the Delaware river, which, from the size and age of some of the trees that have grown upon the banks and in the ditches, appears to have existed nearly one thousand years.